Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Novel Synthesis of Kanamycin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Potent Antibacterial Activity

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00607

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of Kan-AuNPs against bacterial strains [μg/ml].

Article Snippet: The bacterial organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC #12228), Streptococcus bovis (ATCC # 9809), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC # 13048), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, P. aeruginosa UNC-D , Yersinia pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) , and Y. pestis CO92::Km Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) ( Y. pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) with unresolved Kan resistance cassette) were cultured by standard procedures.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Novel Synthesis of Kanamycin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Potent Antibacterial Activity

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00607

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of citrate-AuNPs compared to Kan-AuNPs [μg/ml a ].

Article Snippet: The bacterial organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC #12228), Streptococcus bovis (ATCC # 9809), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC # 13048), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, P. aeruginosa UNC-D , Yersinia pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) , and Y. pestis CO92::Km Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) ( Y. pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) with unresolved Kan resistance cassette) were cultured by standard procedures.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Novel Synthesis of Kanamycin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Potent Antibacterial Activity

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00607

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images which visualize the morphological changes in bacteria upon treating with Kan-AuNPs at different intervals of time. (A) Represents sequential images (from left to right) of Gram-positive, S. epidermidis bacteria treated with Kan-AuNPs (18.00 μg mL -1 ) after 0, 6, and 12 h of incubation. (B) Represents sequential images (from left to right) of Gram-negative, E. aerogenes bacteria treated with Kan-AuNPs (16.00 μg mL -1 ) after 0, 6, and 12 h of incubation. After 6 h of exposure, Kan-AuNPs were found to adhere and penetrate the bacterial cell wall which resulted in disruption of cellular environment leading to lysis of cell due to leakage of cellular components as observed after 12 h of exposure. The results were similar for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Article Snippet: The bacterial organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC #12228), Streptococcus bovis (ATCC # 9809), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC # 13048), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, P. aeruginosa UNC-D , Yersinia pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) , and Y. pestis CO92::Km Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) ( Y. pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) with unresolved Kan resistance cassette) were cultured by standard procedures.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Microscopy, Bacteria, Incubation, Disruption, Lysis

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Novel Synthesis of Kanamycin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Potent Antibacterial Activity

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00607

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence images of Kan-AuNP induced cell membrane permeability using propidium iodide (PI) dye. Upper panel represents Gram-positive bacteria, S. epidermidis , and lower panel represents Gram-negative bacteria, E. aerogenes . (A) For each image, the left half represents differential interference contrast mode, while the right half represents the corresponding fluorescence image. Untreated samples of respective bacteria with Kan-AuNPs were taken as control. (B) Represents a plot showing percentage permeability of S. epidermidis and E. aerogenes bacterial cells in presence and absence (Control) of Kan-AuNPs. ∗∗∗∗∗ p ≤ 0.00001 (Student’s t -test, two tailed assuming unequal variances).

Article Snippet: The bacterial organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC #12228), Streptococcus bovis (ATCC # 9809), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC # 13048), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, P. aeruginosa UNC-D , Yersinia pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) , and Y. pestis CO92::Km Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) ( Y. pestis CO92 Lux P tolC pCD1 (-) with unresolved Kan resistance cassette) were cultured by standard procedures.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Membrane, Permeability, Bacteria, Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Antibiotics

Article Title: Evaluation of the Inactivation of Microorganisms by a Blue Laser (445 nm)—An In Vitro Study

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: A box plot of the log 10 -transformed colony-forming unit (CFU) values of Enterococcus faecalis , Streptococcus mutans , and Candida albicans in untreated samples (negative controls), laser-treated samples (test groups 4 mm/s, 2 mm/s, and 1 mm/s), and positive controls treated with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Data source .

Article Snippet: The test organisms Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC ® 29212TM) , Streptococcus mutans (DSM 20523/ATCC ® 25175TM), and Candida albicans (SC5314/ATCC MYA-2876D-5TM) were used for the main experiments: two Gram positive bacteria and one fungus as representatives of important dental pathogens.

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: Antibiotics

Article Title: Evaluation of the Inactivation of Microorganisms by a Blue Laser (445 nm)—An In Vitro Study

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: Testing of the carrier solutions: phosphate buffered saline (PBS), deionised H 2 O, potassium phosphate buffer (KPO 4 ), sodium potassium phosphate buffer (NaKPO 4 ) and Tris-buffered saline with hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl) by applying the microorganisms to the ceramic test specimens, vital staining using MTT, and subsequent microscopic evaluation of the microbial converted blue formazan. Tris-HCl reduced the viability slightly for Enterococcus faecalis and strongly for Streptococcus mutans . Sodium potassium phosphate buffer was not suitable for any of the test organisms. PBS was also not optimal for this test setup, with clearly recognisable salt crystals forming. Stable viability results were shown with the H 2 O (deionised) solution for Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis and with the potassium phosphate buffer solution for Streptococcus mutans . Figure source .

Article Snippet: The test organisms Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC ® 29212TM) , Streptococcus mutans (DSM 20523/ATCC ® 25175TM), and Candida albicans (SC5314/ATCC MYA-2876D-5TM) were used for the main experiments: two Gram positive bacteria and one fungus as representatives of important dental pathogens.

Techniques: Saline, Staining

Journal: American Journal of Infection Control

Article Title: Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses

doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.08.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Log reductions of Serratia marcescens ∗

Article Snippet: The stock preparation of the bacterial test organism S marcescens (ATCC 14756) was stored frozen in skim milk at −80°C.

Techniques: Control

Journal: American Journal of Infection Control

Article Title: Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses

doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.08.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the log reductions of gram-negative bacteria ( S marcescens ) after 1 episode, with 95% confidence intervals. Hand hygiene agents tested were as follows: (A) 60% ethyl alcohol (n = 5); (B) 61% ethyl alcohol (n = 5); (C) 62% ethyl alcohol (n = 5); (D) 61% ethyl alcohol/1% CHG (n = 5); (E) 70% ethyl alcohol/0.005% silver iodide (n = 5); (F) 0.4% benzalkonium chloride (n = 5); (G) 0.5% PCMX/40% SD alcohol (n = 5); (H) 0.75% chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 5); (I) 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 5); (J) 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 5); (K) 1% triclosan (n = 5); (L) 0.2% benzethonium chloride (n = 5); (M) nonantimicrobial control (n = 5); (N) tap water control (n = 5).

Article Snippet: The stock preparation of the bacterial test organism S marcescens (ATCC 14756) was stored frozen in skim milk at −80°C.

Techniques: Bacteria, Control

Journal: American Journal of Infection Control

Article Title: Comparative efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the reduction of bacteria and viruses

doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.08.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of hand hygiene agents in the log reductions of gram-negative bacteria ( S marcescens ) after 10 episodes, with 95% confidence intervals. Hand hygiene agents tested were as follows: (A) 60% ethyl alcohol (n = 5); (B) 61% ethyl alcohol (n = 5); (C) 62% ethyl alcohol (n = 5); (D) 61% ethyl alcohol/1% CHG (n = 5); (E) 70% ethyl alcohol/0.005% silver iodide (n = 5); (F) 0.4% benzalkonium chloride (n = 5); (G) 0.5% PCMX/40% SD alcohol (n = 5); (H) 0.75% chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 5); (I) 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 5); (J) 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 5); (K) 1% triclosan (n = 5); (L) 0.2% benzethonium chloride (n = 5); (M) nonantimicrobial control (n = 5); (N) tap water control (n = 5).

Article Snippet: The stock preparation of the bacterial test organism S marcescens (ATCC 14756) was stored frozen in skim milk at −80°C.

Techniques: Bacteria, Control